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A Membrane Bioreactor (MBR) is the combination of a membrane process with a biological wastewater treatment process, the activated sludge process. It is now widely used for municipal and industrial wastewater treatment.
A membrane is a material that allows the selective flow of certain substances. In case of the water purification or regeneration, the aim is for the water to flow through the membrane, retaining undesirable containments on the other side.
MBR processes can produce effluent of high quality enough to be reused and discharged to the surface. Other advantages of MBRs over conventional processes include a small footprint, easy retrofit, and upgrading old wastewater treatment plants.
Wastewater treatment is a process used to remove the contaminant from wastewater and convert it into an effluent that can be returned to the water cycle. Once returned to the water cycle, the effluent creates an acceptable impact on the environment or is reused for various purposes. The treatment process takes place in a wastewater treatment plant. There are several kinds of wastewater that are treated at the appropriate type of wastewater treatment plant. For domestic wastewater (also called municipal wastewater or sewage), the treatment plant is called a sewage treatment plant.
Many municipalities treat water with clarification, filtration, and chlorine to kill bacteria. Their goal is to only meet minimum drinking water requirements. Many times, water gets re-contaminated during distribution through a long pipeline network.
With chlorine, water may get disinfected but there may be other chemical impurities accidentally seeping into municipal water pipelines which could be industrial chemical contaminants like arsenic, fluoride, mercury, pesticides, volatile organic compounds, etc., which cannot be removed by just chlorination, sophisticated treatment technologies like Reverse osmosis would be required to remove these contaminants.
To eliminate these contamination problems, point of use a home water treatment system is often necessary.
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